/* ==========================================================================
   JAVASCRIPT MASTER STUDY DOCUMENTATION — COMPLETE BOOK (CHAPTERS 01 - 40)
   MASTER STYLESHEET (css/style.css)
   Zero-Skipping Policy Edition • 100% Identical Visual Fidelity
   ========================================================================== */

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 01 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 01)
   ========================================== */
.ch-01 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-01, .ch-01 * {
  box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0;
}
.ch-01 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-01 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-01 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-01 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-01 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 24px 28px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-01 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-01 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-01 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-01 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-01 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-01 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-01 .meta-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15); padding-top: 8px;
}
.ch-01 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 9px; color: #7dd3fc; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 1px;
}
.ch-01 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11px; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-01 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 11.5px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 12px 0 6px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
}
.ch-01 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 9px 13px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-01 .card-title {
  font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-01 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent); color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; padding: 1px 5px; border-radius: 3px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px; display: inline-block;
}
.ch-01 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0; display: block;
}
.ch-01 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-01 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-01 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-01 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-01 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-01 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 11.5px;
}
.ch-01 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 16px; margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-01 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 11.5px;
}
.ch-01 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px; padding: 6px 10px; margin: 4px 0 6px 0; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-01 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle); border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent); color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-01 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff; border-left: 3px solid #9333ea; color: #581c87;
}
.ch-01 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light); border: 1px solid var(--amber-border); border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; color: #713f12; margin: 6px 0 5px 0;
}
.ch-01 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light); border: 1px solid #fecaca; border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; color: #7f1d1d; margin: 6px 0 5px 0;
}
.ch-01 .table-wrap {
  margin: 6px 0 8px 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-card); border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-01 table {
  width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;
}
.ch-01 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc; color: var(--text-dark); font-weight: 700; padding: 5px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-01 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-01 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-01 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-01 tbody td {
  padding: 4px 8px; color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-01 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a; border: 1px solid #1e293b; border-radius: 4px; margin: 5px 0 6px 0; overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-01 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b; color: #94a3b8; font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9px; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px 8px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-01 pre {
  margin: 0; padding: 6px 10px; font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 1.45;
      color: #e2e8f0; overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-01 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; background: #f1f5f9; color: #0369a1; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 10.5px;
}
.ch-01 pre code {
  background: transparent; color: inherit; padding: 0;
}
.ch-01 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc; border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1; border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 8px; font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155; margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-01 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-01 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-01 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-01 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-01 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-01 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-01 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.45;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 6px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}

@media print {
.ch-01 {
  background: white; font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-01 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-01 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-01 .study-card {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important; break-inside: avoid !important; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-01 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid; break-after: avoid;
}
.ch-01 .code-box,
.ch-01 pre,
.ch-01 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-01 .table-wrap,
.ch-01 .def-box,
.ch-01 .memory-box,
.ch-01 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 02 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 02)
   ========================================== */
.ch-02 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-02, .ch-02 * {
  box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0;
}
.ch-02 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-02 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-02 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-02 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-02 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-02 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-02 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-02 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-02 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-02 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-02 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-02 .meta-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 12px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15); padding-top: 14px;
}
.ch-02 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px; color: #7dd3fc; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-02 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11.5px; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-02 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 7px 14px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 22px 0 12px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
}
.ch-02 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 13px 16px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-02 .card-title {
  font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-02 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent); color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px; display: inline-block;
}
.ch-02 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 8px 0 4px 0; display: block;
}
.ch-02 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-02 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-02 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-02 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-02 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-02 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 6px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-02 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px; margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-02 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 12px;
}
.ch-02 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px; padding: 8px 12px; margin: 6px 0 8px 0; font-size: 11.5px; line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-02 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle); border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent); color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-02 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff; border-left: 3px solid #9333ea; color: #581c87;
}
.ch-02 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light); border: 1px solid var(--amber-border); border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11.5px; color: #713f12; margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-02 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light); border: 1px solid #fecaca; border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11.5px; color: #7f1d1d; margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-02 .table-wrap {
  margin: 8px 0 10px 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-card); border-radius: 5px; overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-02 table {
  width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 11.5px; text-align: left;
}
.ch-02 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc; color: var(--text-dark); font-weight: 700; padding: 7px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-02 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-02 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-02 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-02 tbody td {
  padding: 6px 10px; color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-02 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a; border: 1px solid #1e293b; border-radius: 5px; margin: 6px 0 8px 0; overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-02 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b; color: #94a3b8; font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 600; padding: 3px 10px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-02 pre {
  margin: 0; padding: 8px 12px; font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5;
      color: #e2e8f0; overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-02 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; background: #f1f5f9; color: #0369a1; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-02 pre code {
  background: transparent; color: inherit; padding: 0;
}
.ch-02 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc; border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1; border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px; padding: 6px 10px; font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155; margin: 4px 0 8px 0;
}
.ch-02 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-02 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-02 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-02 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-02 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-02 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-02 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.45;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 6px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}

@media print {
.ch-02 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-02 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-02 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-02 .study-card {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-02 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid;
        break-after: avoid;
}
.ch-02 .code-box,
.ch-02 pre,
.ch-02 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-02 .table-wrap,
.ch-02 .def-box,
.ch-02 .memory-box,
.ch-02 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid;
        break-inside: avoid;
}
.ch-02 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 03 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 03)
   ========================================== */
.ch-03 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-03, .ch-03 * {
  box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0;
}
.ch-03 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-03 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-03 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-03 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-03 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-03 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-03 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-03 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-03 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-03 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-03 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-03 .meta-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 12px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15); padding-top: 14px;
}
.ch-03 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px; color: #7dd3fc; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-03 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11.5px; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-03 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 7px 14px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 22px 0 12px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
}
.ch-03 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-03 .study-card,
.ch-03 .practice-item {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 13px 16px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-03 .card-title {
  font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-03 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent); color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px; display: inline-block;
}
.ch-03 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 8px 0 4px 0; display: block;
}
.ch-03 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-03 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-03 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-03 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-03 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-03 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 6px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-03 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px; margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-03 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 12px;
}
.ch-03 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px; padding: 8px 12px; margin: 6px 0 8px 0; font-size: 11.5px; line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-03 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle); border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent); color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-03 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff; border-left: 3px solid #9333ea; color: #581c87;
}
.ch-03 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light); border: 1px solid var(--amber-border); border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11.5px; color: #713f12; margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-03 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light); border: 1px solid #fecaca; border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11.5px; color: #7f1d1d; margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-03 .table-wrap {
  margin: 8px 0 10px 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-card); border-radius: 5px; overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-03 table {
  width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 11.5px; text-align: left;
}
.ch-03 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc; color: var(--text-dark); font-weight: 700; padding: 7px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-03 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-03 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-03 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-03 tbody td {
  padding: 6px 10px; color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-03 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a; border: 1px solid #1e293b; border-radius: 5px; margin: 6px 0 8px 0; overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-03 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b; color: #94a3b8; font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 600; padding: 3px 10px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-03 pre {
  margin: 0; padding: 8px 12px; font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5;
      color: #e2e8f0; overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-03 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; background: #f1f5f9; color: #0369a1; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-03 pre code {
  background: transparent; color: inherit; padding: 0;
}
.ch-03 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc; border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1; border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px; padding: 6px 10px; font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155; margin: 4px 0 8px 0;
}
.ch-03 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.45;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 6px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}

@media print {
.ch-03 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-03 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-03 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-03 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-03 .study-card,
.ch-03 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-03 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid;
        break-after: avoid;
}
.ch-03 .code-box,
.ch-03 pre,
.ch-03 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-03 .table-wrap,
.ch-03 .def-box,
.ch-03 .memory-box,
.ch-03 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid;
        break-inside: avoid;
}
.ch-03 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 04 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 04)
   ========================================== */
.ch-04 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --text-sub: #64748b;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --border-subtle: #cbd5e1;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-04, .ch-04 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-04 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-04 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-04 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-04 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-04 .print-btn:hover {
  background: #0284c7;
}
.ch-04 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-04 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-04 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-04 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-04 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-04 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-04 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-04 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 12px;
      border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
      padding-top: 14px;
}
.ch-04 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      color: #7dd3fc;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-04 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-04 .doc-statement {
  font-size: 11.5px;
      color: var(--text-muted);
      margin-bottom: 18px;
      padding: 6px 8px;
      line-height: 1.6;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--navy-mid);
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}
.ch-04 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 7px 14px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 22px 0 12px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-04 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 13px 16px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-04 .card-title {
  font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-04 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: inline-block;
}
.ch-04 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 8px 0 4px 0;
      display: block;
}
.ch-04 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-04 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-04 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-04 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-04 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-04 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-04 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-04 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      font-size: 12px;
}
.ch-04 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-04 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle);
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-04 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #9333ea;
      color: #581c87;
}
.ch-04 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light);
      border: 1px solid var(--amber-border);
      border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: #713f12;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-04 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light);
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: #7f1d1d;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-04 .table-wrap {
  margin: 8px 0 10px 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 5px;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-04 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-04 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-04 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-04 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-04 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-04 tbody td {
  padding: 6px 10px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-04 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-04 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 3px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-04 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-04 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-04 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-04 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin: 4px 0 8px 0;
}
.ch-04 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-04 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-04 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-04 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-04 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-04 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-04 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-04 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.45;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 6px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}
.ch-04 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-04 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-04 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-04 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-04 .study-card,
.ch-04 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-04 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid;
        break-after: avoid;
}
.ch-04 .code-box,
.ch-04 pre,
.ch-04 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-04 .table-wrap,
.ch-04 .def-box,
.ch-04 .memory-box,
.ch-04 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid;
        break-inside: avoid;
}
.ch-04 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 05 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 05)
   ========================================== */
.ch-05 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --text-sub: #64748b;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --border-subtle: #cbd5e1;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-05, .ch-05 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-05 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-05 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-05 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-05 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-05 .print-btn:hover {
  background: #0284c7;
}
.ch-05 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-05 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-05 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-05 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-05 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-05 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-05 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-05 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 12px;
      border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
      padding-top: 12px;
}
.ch-05 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      color: #7dd3fc;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-05 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-05 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 7px 14px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 20px 0 12px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-05 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 12px 16px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-05 .card-title {
  font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-05 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: inline-block;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 8px 0 4px 0;
      display: block;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-05 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-05 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-05 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      font-size: 12px;
}
.ch-05 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-05 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle);
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-05 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #9333ea;
      color: #581c87;
}
.ch-05 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light);
      border: 1px solid var(--amber-border);
      border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: #713f12;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-05 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light);
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: #7f1d1d;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-05 .table-wrap {
  margin: 8px 0 10px 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 5px;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-05 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-05 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-05 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-05 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-05 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-05 tbody td {
  padding: 6px 10px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-05 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-05 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 3px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-05 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-05 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-05 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-05 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin: 4px 0 8px 0;
}
.ch-05 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-05 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-05 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-05 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-05 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-05 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-05 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-05 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.45;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 6px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}
.ch-05 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-05 /*__MEDIA_0__*/


    
    .master-banner {
  padding: 14px 20px !important;
      margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.ch-05 .banner-sub {
  margin-bottom: 10px !important;
}
.ch-05 .meta-grid {
  padding-top: 8px !important;
      gap: 8px !important;
}
.ch-05 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11px !important;
}
.ch-05 .part-banner {
  margin: 12px 0 8px 0 !important;
      padding: 5px 10px !important;
}
.ch-05 .study-card {
  padding: 9px 13px !important;
      margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.ch-05 .code-box {
  margin: 4px 0 !important;
}
.ch-05 pre {
  padding: 6px 10px !important;
      font-size: 10.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.4 !important;
}
.ch-05 .ascii-tree-container {
  padding: 6px 10px !important;
      margin: 4px 0 !important;
      font-size: 10.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.3 !important;
}
.ch-05 .def-box {
  padding: 5px 9px !important;
      margin: 4px 0 !important;
      font-size: 11px !important;
}
.ch-05 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 3px !important;
}
.ch-05 .tag-label {
  margin: 5px 0 2px 0 !important;
}
.ch-05 ul.clean-list {
  margin-bottom: 4px !important;
}
.ch-05 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px !important;
}

@media print {
.ch-05 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-05 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-05 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-05 .study-card,
.ch-05 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-05 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-05 .code-box,
.ch-05 pre,
.ch-05 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-05 .table-wrap,
.ch-05 .def-box,
.ch-05 .memory-box,
.ch-05 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-05 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 06 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 06)
   ========================================== */
.ch-06 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --text-sub: #64748b;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --border-subtle: #cbd5e1;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-06, .ch-06 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-06 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-06 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-06 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-06 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-06 .print-btn:hover {
  background: #0284c7;
}
.ch-06 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-06 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-06 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-06 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-06 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-06 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-06 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-06 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
      padding-top: 8px;
}
.ch-06 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      color: #7dd3fc;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-06 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-06 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-06 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 9px 13px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-06 .card-title {
  font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-06 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: inline-block;
}
.ch-06 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 5px 0 2px 0;
      display: block;
}
.ch-06 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-06 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-06 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-06 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-06 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-06 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 3px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: var(--text-body);
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-06 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.ch-06 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
}
.ch-06 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 5px 9px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-06 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle);
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-06 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #9333ea;
      color: #581c87;
}
.ch-06 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light);
      border: 1px solid var(--amber-border);
      border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #713f12;
      margin: 5px 0 4px 0;
}
.ch-06 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light);
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #7f1d1d;
      margin: 5px 0 4px 0;
}
.ch-06 .table-wrap {
  margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 5px;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-06 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 11px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-06 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 6px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-06 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-06 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-06 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-06 tbody td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-06 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-06 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-06 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-06 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-size: 10.5px;
}
.ch-06 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-06 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155;
      margin: 3px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-06 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-06 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-06 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-06 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-06 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-06 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-06 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-06 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.45;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 5px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}
.ch-06 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-06 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-06 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-06 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-06 .study-card,
.ch-06 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-06 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-06 .code-box,
.ch-06 pre,
.ch-06 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-06 .table-wrap,
.ch-06 .def-box,
.ch-06 .memory-box,
.ch-06 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-06 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 07 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 07)
   ========================================== */
.ch-07 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --text-sub: #64748b;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --border-subtle: #cbd5e1;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-07, .ch-07 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-07 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-07 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-07 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-07 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-07 .print-btn:hover {
  background: #0284c7;
}
.ch-07 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-07 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-07 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-07 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-07 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-07 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-07 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-07 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
      padding-top: 8px;
}
.ch-07 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      color: #7dd3fc;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-07 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-07 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-07 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 9px 13px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-07 .card-title {
  font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-07 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: inline-block;
}
.ch-07 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 5px 0 2px 0;
      display: block;
}
.ch-07 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-07 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-07 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-07 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-07 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-07 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 3px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: var(--text-body);
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-07 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.ch-07 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
}
.ch-07 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 5px 9px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-07 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle);
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-07 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #9333ea;
      color: #581c87;
}
.ch-07 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light);
      border: 1px solid var(--amber-border);
      border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #713f12;
      margin: 5px 0 4px 0;
}
.ch-07 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light);
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #7f1d1d;
      margin: 5px 0 4px 0;
}
.ch-07 .table-wrap {
  margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 5px;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-07 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 11px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-07 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 6px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-07 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-07 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-07 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-07 tbody td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-07 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-07 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-07 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-07 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-size: 10.5px;
}
.ch-07 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-07 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155;
      margin: 3px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-07 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-07 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-07 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-07 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-07 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-07 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-07 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-07 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}
.ch-07 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-07 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-07 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-07 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-07 .study-card,
.ch-07 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-07 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-07 .code-box,
.ch-07 pre,
.ch-07 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-07 .table-wrap,
.ch-07 .def-box,
.ch-07 .memory-box,
.ch-07 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-07 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 08 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 08)
   ========================================== */
.ch-08 {
  --navy-dark: #0b2545;
      --navy-mid: #134074;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-subtle: #f0f9ff;
      --teal-accent: #0d9488;
      --green-accent: #059669;
      --green-light: #ecfdf5;
      --amber-accent: #d97706;
      --amber-light: #fefce8;
      --amber-border: #fef08a;
      --red-accent: #dc2626;
      --red-light: #fef2f2;
      --purple-accent: #7c3aed;
      --purple-light: #f5f3ff;
      --text-dark: #0f172a;
      --text-body: #1e293b;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --text-sub: #64748b;
      --card-bg: #ffffff;
      --page-bg: #f1f5f9;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --border-subtle: #cbd5e1;
      --code-bg: #0f172a;
}
.ch-08, .ch-08 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-08 {
  font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      background-color: var(--page-bg);
      color: var(--text-body);
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-08 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.ch-08 .action-bar .brand-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-08 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #0369a1 100%);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.ch-08 .print-btn:hover {
  background: #0284c7;
}
.ch-08 .doc-page {
  max-width: 820px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--card-bg);
      padding: 32px 36px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-08 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0b2545 0%, #0d3b66 55%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      color: white;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-08 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-08 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-08 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-08 .banner-title {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-08 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-08 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
      padding-top: 8px;
}
.ch-08 .meta-item .meta-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      color: #7dd3fc;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-08 .meta-item .meta-val {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-08 .part-banner {
  background: var(--blue-light);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-08 .study-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 9px 13px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.015);
}
.ch-08 .card-title {
  font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-08 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: inline-block;
}
.ch-08 .tag-label {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin: 5px 0 2px 0;
      display: block;
}
.ch-08 .tag-label.cyan {
  color: #0284c7;
}
.ch-08 .tag-label.green {
  color: #059669;
}
.ch-08 .tag-label.amber {
  color: #d97706;
}
.ch-08 .tag-label.purple {
  color: #6366f1;
}
.ch-08 .tag-label.red {
  color: #dc2626;
}
.ch-08 p.text-p {
  margin-bottom: 3px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      color: var(--text-body);
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-08 ul.clean-list {
  margin-left: 18px;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.ch-08 ul.clean-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
}
.ch-08 .def-box {
  border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 5px 9px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-08 .def-box.english {
  background: var(--blue-subtle);
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      color: #0c4a6e;
}
.ch-08 .def-box.bangla {
  background: #faf5ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #9333ea;
      color: #581c87;
}
.ch-08 .memory-box {
  background: var(--amber-light);
      border: 1px solid var(--amber-border);
      border-left: 4px solid #eab308;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #713f12;
      margin: 5px 0 4px 0;
}
.ch-08 .warn-box {
  background: var(--red-light);
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--red-accent);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #7f1d1d;
      margin: 5px 0 4px 0;
}
.ch-08 .table-wrap {
  margin: 6px 0 8px 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 5px;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-08 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 11px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-08 thead th {
  background: #f8fafc;
      color: var(--text-dark);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 6px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-08 tbody tr {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}
.ch-08 tbody tr:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.ch-08 tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #fbfcfe;
}
.ch-08 tbody td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      color: var(--text-body);
}
.ch-08 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
}
.ch-08 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', monospace;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-08 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      overflow-x: auto;
}
.ch-08 code {
  font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-size: 10.5px;
}
.ch-08 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-08 .output-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155;
      margin: 3px 0 6px 0;
}
.ch-08 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-08 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-08 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-08 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-08 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-08 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-08 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-08 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}
.ch-08 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-08 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-08 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-08 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-08 .study-card,
.ch-08 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-08 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-08 .code-box,
.ch-08 pre,
.ch-08 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-08 .table-wrap,
.ch-08 .def-box,
.ch-08 .memory-box,
.ch-08 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-08 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 09 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 09)
   ========================================== */
.ch-09 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-09, .ch-09 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-09 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-09 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-09 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-09 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-09 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-09 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-09 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-09 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-09 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-09 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-09 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-09 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-09 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-09 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-09 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-09 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-09 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-09 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-09 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-09 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-09 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-09 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-09 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-09 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-09 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-09 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-09 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-09 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-09 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-09 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-09 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-09 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-09 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-09 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-09 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-09 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-09 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-09 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-09 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-09 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-09 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-09 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-09 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-09 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-09 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-09 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-09 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-09 .study-card,
.ch-09 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-09 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 .code-box,
.ch-09 pre,
.ch-09 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-09 .table-wrap,
.ch-09 .def-box,
.ch-09 .memory-box,
.ch-09 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-09 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 10 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 10)
   ========================================== */
.ch-10 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-10, .ch-10 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-10 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-10 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-10 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-10 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-10 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-10 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-10 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-10 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-10 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-10 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-10 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-10 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-10 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-10 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-10 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-10 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-10 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-10 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-10 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-10 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-10 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-10 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-10 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-10 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-10 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-10 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-10 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-10 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-10 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-10 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-10 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-10 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-10 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-10 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-10 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-10 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-10 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-10 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-10 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-10 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-10 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-10 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-10 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-10 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-10 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-10 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-10 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-10 .study-card,
.ch-10 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-10 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 .code-box,
.ch-10 pre,
.ch-10 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-10 .table-wrap,
.ch-10 .def-box,
.ch-10 .memory-box,
.ch-10 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-10 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 11 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 11)
   ========================================== */
.ch-11 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-11, .ch-11 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-11 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-11 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-11 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-11 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-11 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-11 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-11 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-11 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-11 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-11 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-11 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-11 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-11 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-11 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-11 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-11 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-11 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-11 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-11 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-11 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-11 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-11 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-11 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-11 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-11 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-11 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-11 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-11 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-11 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-11 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-11 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-11 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-11 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-11 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-11 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-11 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-11 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-11 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-11 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-11 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-11 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-11 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-11 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-11 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-11 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-11 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-11 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-11 .study-card,
.ch-11 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-11 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 .code-box,
.ch-11 pre,
.ch-11 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-11 .table-wrap,
.ch-11 .def-box,
.ch-11 .memory-box,
.ch-11 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-11 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 12 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 12)
   ========================================== */
.ch-12 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-12, .ch-12 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-12 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-12 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-12 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-12 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-12 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-12 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-12 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-12 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-12 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-12 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-12 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-12 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-12 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-12 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-12 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-12 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-12 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-12 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-12 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-12 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-12 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-12 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-12 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-12 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-12 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-12 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-12 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-12 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-12 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-12 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-12 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-12 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-12 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-12 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-12 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-12 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-12 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-12 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-12 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-12 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-12 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-12 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-12 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-12 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-12 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-12 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-12 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-12 .study-card,
.ch-12 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-12 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 .code-box,
.ch-12 pre,
.ch-12 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-12 .table-wrap,
.ch-12 .def-box,
.ch-12 .memory-box,
.ch-12 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-12 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 13 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 13)
   ========================================== */
.ch-13 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-13, .ch-13 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-13 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-13 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-13 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-13 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-13 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-13 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-13 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-13 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-13 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-13 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-13 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-13 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-13 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-13 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-13 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-13 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-13 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-13 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-13 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-13 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-13 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-13 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-13 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-13 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-13 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-13 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-13 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-13 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-13 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-13 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-13 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-13 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-13 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-13 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-13 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-13 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-13 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-13 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-13 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-13 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-13 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-13 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-13 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-13 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-13 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-13 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-13 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-13 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-13 .study-card,
.ch-13 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-13 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 .code-box,
.ch-13 pre,
.ch-13 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-13 .table-wrap,
.ch-13 .def-box,
.ch-13 .memory-box,
.ch-13 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-13 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 14 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 14)
   ========================================== */
.ch-14 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-14, .ch-14 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-14 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-14 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-14 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-14 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-14 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-14 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-14 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-14 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-14 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-14 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-14 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-14 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-14 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-14 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-14 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-14 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-14 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-14 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-14 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-14 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-14 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-14 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-14 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-14 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-14 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-14 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-14 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-14 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-14 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-14 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-14 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-14 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-14 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-14 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-14 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-14 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-14 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-14 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-14 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-14 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-14 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-14 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-14 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-14 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-14 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-14 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-14 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-14 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-14 .study-card,
.ch-14 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-14 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 .code-box,
.ch-14 pre,
.ch-14 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-14 .table-wrap,
.ch-14 .def-box,
.ch-14 .memory-box,
.ch-14 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-14 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 15 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 15)
   ========================================== */
.ch-15 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-15, .ch-15 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-15 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-15 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-15 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-15 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-15 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-15 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-15 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-15 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-15 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-15 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-15 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-15 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-15 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-15 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-15 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-15 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-15 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-15 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-15 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-15 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-15 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-15 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-15 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-15 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-15 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-15 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-15 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-15 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-15 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-15 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-15 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-15 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-15 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-15 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.38;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-15 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-15 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-15 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-15 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-15 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-15 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-15 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-15 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-15 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-15 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-15 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-15 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-15 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-15 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-15 .study-card,
.ch-15 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-15 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 .code-box,
.ch-15 pre,
.ch-15 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-15 .table-wrap,
.ch-15 .def-box,
.ch-15 .memory-box,
.ch-15 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-15 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 16 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 16)
   ========================================== */
.ch-16 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-16, .ch-16 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-16 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-16 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-16 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-16 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-16 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-16 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-16 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-16 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-16 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-16 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-16 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-16 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-16 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-16 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-16 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-16 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-16 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-16 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-16 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-16 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-16 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-16 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-16 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-16 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-16 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-16 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-16 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-16 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-16 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-16 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-16 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-16 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-16 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-16 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.38;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-16 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-16 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-16 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-16 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-16 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-16 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-16 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-16 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-16 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-16 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-16 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-16 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-16 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-16 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-16 .study-card,
.ch-16 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-16 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 .code-box,
.ch-16 pre,
.ch-16 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-16 .table-wrap,
.ch-16 .def-box,
.ch-16 .memory-box,
.ch-16 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-16 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 17 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 17)
   ========================================== */
.ch-17 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-17, .ch-17 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-17 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-17 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-17 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-17 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-17 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-17 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-17 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-17 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-17 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-17 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-17 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-17 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-17 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-17 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-17 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-17 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-17 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-17 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-17 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-17 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-17 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-17 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-17 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-17 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-17 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-17 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-17 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-17 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-17 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-17 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-17 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-17 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-17 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-17 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.38;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-17 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-17 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-17 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-17 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-17 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-17 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-17 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-17 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-17 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-17 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-17 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-17 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-17 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-17 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-17 .study-card,
.ch-17 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-17 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 .code-box,
.ch-17 pre,
.ch-17 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-17 .table-wrap,
.ch-17 .def-box,
.ch-17 .memory-box,
.ch-17 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-17 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 18 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 18)
   ========================================== */
.ch-18 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-18, .ch-18 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-18 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-18 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-18 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-18 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-18 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-18 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-18 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-18 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-18 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-18 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-18 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-18 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-18 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-18 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-18 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-18 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-18 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-18 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-18 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-18 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-18 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-18 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-18 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-18 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-18 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-18 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-18 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-18 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-18 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-18 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-18 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-18 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-18 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-18 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.38;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-18 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-18 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-18 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-18 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-18 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-18 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-18 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-18 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-18 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-18 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-18 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-18 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-18 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-18 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-18 .study-card,
.ch-18 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-18 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 .code-box,
.ch-18 pre,
.ch-18 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-18 .table-wrap,
.ch-18 .def-box,
.ch-18 .memory-box,
.ch-18 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-18 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 19 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 19)
   ========================================== */
.ch-19 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-19, .ch-19 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-19 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-19 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-19 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-19 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-19 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-19 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-19 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-19 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-19 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-19 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-19 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-19 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-19 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-19 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-19 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-19 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-19 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-19 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-19 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-19 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-19 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-19 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-19 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-19 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-19 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-19 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-19 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-19 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-19 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-19 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-19 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-19 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-19 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-19 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.38;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-19 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-19 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-19 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-19 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-19 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-19 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-19 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-19 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-19 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-19 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-19 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-19 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-19 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-19 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-19 .study-card,
.ch-19 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-19 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 .code-box,
.ch-19 pre,
.ch-19 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-19 .table-wrap,
.ch-19 .def-box,
.ch-19 .memory-box,
.ch-19 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-19 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 20 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 20)
   ========================================== */
.ch-20 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-20, .ch-20 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-20 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-20 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-20 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-20 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-20 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-20 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-20 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-20 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-20 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-20 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-20 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-20 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-20 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-20 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-20 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #93c5fd;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-20 .meta-val {
  font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-20 .part-banner {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 12px 0 8px 0;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-20 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-20 .badge-num {
  background: #0284c7;
      color: white;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-20 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
}
.ch-20 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 2px 0;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ch-20 .text-p {
  font-size: 11px;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-20 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 6px 18px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-20 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-20 .def-box {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .def-text {
  font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0369a1;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-20 .memory-box {
  background: #fefce8;
      border-left: 3px solid #eab308;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #854d0e;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #9f1239;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .table-wrap {
  margin: 5px 0 6px 0;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 10px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-20 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-20 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-20 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-20 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
}
.ch-20 .output-box {
  border: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-20 .output-box .code-top {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-20 .out-label {
  color: #38bdf8;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-20 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.38;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      margin: 0;
}
.ch-20 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0284c7;
      padding: 1px 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-20 pre code {
  background: transparent;
      color: inherit;
      padding: 0;
      border: none;
      font-size: inherit;
}
.ch-20 .syn-kw {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-20 .syn-fn {
  color: #f472b6;
}
.ch-20 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-20 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-20 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-20 .syn-op {
  color: #a78bfa;
}
.ch-20 .syn-bool {
  color: #f59e0b; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-20 .syn-regex {
  color: #38bdf8; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-20 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, monospace !important;
      font-size: 10px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-20 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-20 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-20 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-20 .study-card,
.ch-20 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-20 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 .code-box,
.ch-20 pre,
.ch-20 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-20 .table-wrap,
.ch-20 .def-box,
.ch-20 .memory-box,
.ch-20 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-20 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 21 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 21)
   ========================================== */
.ch-21 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-21, .ch-21 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-21 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-21 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-21 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-21 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-21 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-21 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-21 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-21 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-21 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-21 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-21 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-21 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-21 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}
.ch-21 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-21 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      opacity: 0.8;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-21 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-21 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #f8fafc;
      padding: 7px 12px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin-top: 10px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-21 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-21 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-21 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-21 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-21 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-21 .memory-box {
  background: #eff6ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #3b82f6;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e40af;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 5px 14px;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-21 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-21 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: white;
}
.ch-21 th,
.ch-21 td {
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      padding: 4px 6px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-21 th {
  background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-21 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-21 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-21 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-21 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-21 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-21 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-21 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-21 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-21 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-21 .syn-op {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-21 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-21 .syn-regex {
  color: #facc15;
}
.ch-21 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.25;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      white-space: pre;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-21 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-21 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-21 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-21 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-21 .study-card,
.ch-21 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-21 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 .code-box,
.ch-21 pre,
.ch-21 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-21 .table-wrap,
.ch-21 .def-box,
.ch-21 .memory-box,
.ch-21 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-21 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 22 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 22)
   ========================================== */
.ch-22 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-22, .ch-22 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-22 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-22 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-22 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-22 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-22 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-22 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-22 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-22 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-22 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-22 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-22 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-22 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-22 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}
.ch-22 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-22 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      opacity: 0.8;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-22 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-22 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #f8fafc;
      padding: 7px 12px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin-top: 10px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-22 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-22 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-22 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-22 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-22 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-22 .memory-box {
  background: #eff6ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #3b82f6;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e40af;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 5px 14px;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-22 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-22 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: white;
}
.ch-22 th,
.ch-22 td {
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      padding: 4px 6px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-22 th {
  background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-22 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 3px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-22 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-22 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-22 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-22 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-22 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-22 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-22 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-22 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-22 .syn-op {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-22 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-22 .syn-regex {
  color: #facc15;
}
.ch-22 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.22;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 3px 0;
      white-space: pre;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-22 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-22 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-22 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-22 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-22 .study-card,
.ch-22 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-22 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 .code-box,
.ch-22 pre,
.ch-22 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-22 .table-wrap,
.ch-22 .def-box,
.ch-22 .memory-box,
.ch-22 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-22 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 23 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 23)
   ========================================== */
.ch-23 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-23, .ch-23 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-23 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-23 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 10px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-23 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-23 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-23 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-23 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 16px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-23 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-23 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-23 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-23 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-23 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-23 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-23 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}
.ch-23 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-23 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      opacity: 0.8;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-23 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-23 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #f8fafc;
      padding: 7px 12px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin-top: 10px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-23 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-23 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-23 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-23 .sub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-23 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-23 .memory-box {
  background: #eff6ff;
      border-left: 3px solid #3b82f6;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e40af;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .bullet-list {
  margin: 3px 0 5px 14px;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.4;
}
.ch-23 .bullet-list li {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ch-23 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: white;
}
.ch-23 th,
.ch-23 td {
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      padding: 4px 6px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-23 th {
  background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-23 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 3px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-23 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-23 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-23 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-23 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-23 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-23 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-23 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-23 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-23 .syn-op {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-23 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-23 .syn-regex {
  color: #facc15;
}
.ch-23 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.22;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 3px 0;
      white-space: pre;
      overflow-x: auto;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-23 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
}

@media print {
.ch-23 {
  background: white;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a;
}
.ch-23 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-23 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-23 .study-card,
.ch-23 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-23 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 .code-box,
.ch-23 pre,
.ch-23 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-23 .table-wrap,
.ch-23 .def-box,
.ch-23 .memory-box,
.ch-23 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-23 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 24 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 24)
   ========================================== */
.ch-24 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --purple-accent: #6366f1;
      --purple-light: #ede9fe;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-24, .ch-24 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-24 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-24 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-24 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-24 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-24 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-24 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-24 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e1b4b 0%, #312e81 50%, #4338ca 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(49, 46, 129, 0.25);
}
.ch-24 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-24 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-24 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-24 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-24 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-24 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}
.ch-24 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-24 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      opacity: 0.8;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-24 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-24 .opening-card {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--purple-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-24 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-24 .goals-flex {
  display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 4px 6px;
      margin-top: 6px;
}
.ch-24 .goal-tag {
  background: #ede9fe;
      border: 1px solid #ddd6fe;
      color: #5b21b6;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-24 .goal-tag::before {
  content: "✓ ";
      color: #059669;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-24 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #f8fafc;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin-top: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      border-left: 4px solid #6366f1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-24 .badge-num {
  background: var(--purple-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-24 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-24 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--purple-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-24 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-24 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: white;
}
.ch-24 th,
.ch-24 td {
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      padding: 4px 6px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-24 th {
  background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-24 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 3px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid #f87171 !important;
}
.ch-24 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid #4ade80 !important;
}
.ch-24 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-24 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-24 p code,
.ch-24 li code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-24 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-24 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-24 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-24 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-24 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-24 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-24 .invalid-token {
  text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 !important;
      text-decoration-skip-ink: none !important;
      color: #fca5a5 !important;
      font-weight: 700 !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-24 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-24 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-24 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.25;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      white-space: pre;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--purple-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
}

@media print {
.ch-24 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a !important;
}
.ch-24 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-24 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-24 #sec-24-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-24 .study-card,
.ch-24 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-24 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 .code-box,
.ch-24 pre,
.ch-24 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-24 .table-wrap,
.ch-24 .def-box,
.ch-24 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-24 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 25 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 25)
   ========================================== */
.ch-25 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --purple: #7c3aed;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #475569;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-25, .ch-25 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-25 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      color: var(--text-main);
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 11px;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-25 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.95);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-25 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-25 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-25 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-25 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-25 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-25 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-25 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-25 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-25 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-25 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-25 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}
.ch-25 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-25 .meta-label {
  font-size: 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      opacity: 0.8;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-25 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-25 .opening-card {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ch-25 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-25 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #f8fafc;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin-top: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      border-left: 4px solid #0284c7;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .study-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-mid);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-25 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-25 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-25 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-25 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-25 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: white;
}
.ch-25 th,
.ch-25 td {
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      padding: 4px 6px;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-25 th {
  background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-25 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 3px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid #f87171 !important;
}
.ch-25 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid #4ade80 !important;
}
.ch-25 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-25 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-25 p code,
.ch-25 li code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-25 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-25 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-25 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-25 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-25 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-25 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-25 .invalid-token {
  text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 !important;
      text-decoration-skip-ink: none !important;
      color: #fca5a5 !important;
      font-weight: 700 !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-25 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-25 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-25 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.25;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      white-space: pre;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
}

@media print {
.ch-25 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 11px;
        color: #0f172a !important;
}
.ch-25 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-25 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-25 #sec-25-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-25 .study-card,
.ch-25 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-25 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 .code-box,
.ch-25 pre,
.ch-25 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-25 .table-wrap,
.ch-25 .def-box,
.ch-25 .output-box,
.ch-25 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-25 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 26 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 26)
   ========================================== */
.ch-26 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-26, .ch-26 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-26 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-26 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-26 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-26 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-26 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-26 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-26 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-26 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-26 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-26 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-26 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-26 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-26 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-26 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-26 .meta-label {
  font-size: 7.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      color: #bae6fd;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-26 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #ffffff;
      margin-top: 1px;
}
.ch-26 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-26 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 2px 8px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
}
.ch-26 .roadmap-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      overflow: hidden;
      text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.ch-26 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e293b, #0f172a);
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-26 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-26 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-26 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-26 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-26 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-26 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #334155;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-26 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.35;
}
.ch-26 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-26 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid #ef4444 !important;
}
.ch-26 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid #10b981 !important;
}
.ch-26 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-26 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-26 p code,
.ch-26 li code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-26 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-26 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-26 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-26 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-26 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-26 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-26 .invalid-token {
  text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 !important;
      text-decoration-skip-ink: none !important;
      color: #fca5a5 !important;
      font-weight: 700 !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-26 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-26 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-26 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-26 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9px !important;
      line-height: 1.28 !important;
      padding: 6px 10px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-26 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}

@media print {
.ch-26 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-26 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-26 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-26 #sec-26-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-26 .study-card,
.ch-26 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-26 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 .code-box,
.ch-26 pre,
.ch-26 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-26 .table-wrap,
.ch-26 .def-box,
.ch-26 .output-box,
.ch-26 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-26 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 27 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 27)
   ========================================== */
.ch-27 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-27, .ch-27 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-27 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-27 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-27 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-27 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-27 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-27 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-27 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-27 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-27 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-27 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-27 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-27 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-27 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-27 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-27 .meta-label {
  font-size: 7.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      color: #bae6fd;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-27 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #ffffff;
      margin-top: 1px;
}
.ch-27 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-27 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 2px 8px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
}
.ch-27 .roadmap-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      overflow: hidden;
      text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.ch-27 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e293b, #0f172a);
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-27 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-27 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-27 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-27 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-27 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-27 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #334155;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-27 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.35;
}
.ch-27 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-27 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid #ef4444 !important;
}
.ch-27 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid #10b981 !important;
}
.ch-27 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-27 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-27 p code,
.ch-27 li code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-27 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-27 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-27 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-27 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-27 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-27 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-27 .invalid-token {
  text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 !important;
      text-decoration-skip-ink: none !important;
      color: #fca5a5 !important;
      font-weight: 700 !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-27 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-27 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-27 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-27 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9px !important;
      line-height: 1.28 !important;
      padding: 6px 10px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-27 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}

@media print {
.ch-27 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-27 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-27 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-27 #sec-27-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-27 .study-card,
.ch-27 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-27 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 .code-box,
.ch-27 pre,
.ch-27 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-27 .table-wrap,
.ch-27 .def-box,
.ch-27 .output-box,
.ch-27 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-27 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 28 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 28)
   ========================================== */
.ch-28 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-28, .ch-28 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-28 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-28 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-28 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-28 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-28 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-28 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-28 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-28 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-28 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-28 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-28 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-28 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-28 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-28 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-28 .meta-label {
  font-size: 7.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      color: #bae6fd;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-28 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #ffffff;
      margin-top: 1px;
}
.ch-28 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-28 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 2px 8px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
}
.ch-28 .roadmap-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      overflow: hidden;
      text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.ch-28 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e293b, #0f172a);
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-28 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-28 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-28 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-28 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-28 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-28 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #334155;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-28 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.35;
}
.ch-28 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-28 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid #ef4444 !important;
}
.ch-28 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid #10b981 !important;
}
.ch-28 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-28 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-28 p code,
.ch-28 li code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-28 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-28 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-28 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-28 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-28 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-28 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-28 .invalid-token {
  text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 !important;
      text-decoration-skip-ink: none !important;
      color: #fca5a5 !important;
      font-weight: 700 !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-28 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-28 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-28 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-28 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9px !important;
      line-height: 1.28 !important;
      padding: 6px 10px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-28 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}

@media print {
.ch-28 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-28 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-28 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-28 #sec-28-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-28 .study-card,
.ch-28 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-28 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 .code-box,
.ch-28 pre,
.ch-28 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-28 .table-wrap,
.ch-28 .def-box,
.ch-28 .output-box,
.ch-28 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-28 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 29 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 29)
   ========================================== */
.ch-29 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-29, .ch-29 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-29 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-29 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-29 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-29 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-29 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-29 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-29 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-29 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-29 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-29 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-29 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-29 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-29 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
.ch-29 .meta-item {
  display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
}
.ch-29 .meta-label {
  font-size: 7.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      color: #bae6fd;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-29 .meta-val {
  font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #ffffff;
      margin-top: 1px;
}
.ch-29 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-29 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 2px 8px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
}
.ch-29 .roadmap-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      overflow: hidden;
      text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.ch-29 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e293b, #0f172a);
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-29 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-29 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-29 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding-left: 5px;
}
.ch-29 .def-box {
  background: #f0fdf4;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .def-text {
  font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #065f46;
}
.ch-29 .warn-box {
  background: #fef2f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #991b1b;
      font-weight: 500;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
      margin: 4px 0;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-29 th {
  background: #0f172a;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #334155;
      text-align: left;
}
.ch-29 td {
  padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
      line-height: 1.35;
}
.ch-29 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}
.ch-29 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid #ef4444 !important;
}
.ch-29 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid #10b981 !important;
}
.ch-29 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-29 pre {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      line-height: 1.32;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-29 p code,
.ch-29 li code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9.5px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 1px 3px;
      border-radius: 3px;
}
.ch-29 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-29 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8;
}
.ch-29 .syn-str {
  color: #a3e635;
}
.ch-29 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-29 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-29 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-29 .invalid-token {
  text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 !important;
      text-decoration-skip-ink: none !important;
      color: #fca5a5 !important;
      font-weight: 700 !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-29 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-29 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-29 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-29 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9px !important;
      line-height: 1.28 !important;
      padding: 6px 10px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-29 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}

@media print {
.ch-29 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-29 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-29 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-29 #sec-29-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-29 .study-card,
.ch-29 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-29 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 .code-box,
.ch-29 pre,
.ch-29 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-29 .table-wrap,
.ch-29 .def-box,
.ch-29 .output-box,
.ch-29 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-29 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 30 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 30)
   ========================================== */
.ch-30 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-30, .ch-30 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-30 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-30 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-30 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-30 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-30 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-30 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-30 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-30 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-30 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-30 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-30 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-30 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-30 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-30 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-30 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-30 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-30 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-30 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-30 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-30 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-30 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-30 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-30 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-30 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-30 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-30 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #9f1239;
}
.ch-30 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.4);
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
}
.ch-30 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.4);
      border-left: 3px solid #22c55e;
}
.ch-30 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-30 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-30 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-30 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-30 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-30 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-30 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-30 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-30 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-30 .invalid-token {
  color: #fca5a5 !important;
      text-decoration: underline wavy #ef4444 1.5px !important;
      background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25) !important;
      padding: 0 3px !important;
      border-radius: 3px !important;
}
.ch-30 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-30 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-30 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-30 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-30 .checklist-container {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      margin: 6px 0;
}
.ch-30 .checklist-header {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-30 .checklist-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
}
.ch-30 .check-item {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      background: white;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-30 .check-box {
  color: #059669;
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size: 11px;
}
.ch-30 .check-text {
  color: #1e293b;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-30 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-30 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-30 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-30 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-30 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-30 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-30 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-30 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-30 #sec-30-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-30 .study-card,
.ch-30 .practice-item,
.ch-30 .checklist-container {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-30 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 .code-box,
.ch-30 pre,
.ch-30 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-30 .table-container,
.ch-30 .def-box,
.ch-30 .output-box,
.ch-30 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-30 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 31 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 31)
   ========================================== */
.ch-31 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-31, .ch-31 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-31 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-31 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-31 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-31 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-31 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-31 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-31 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-31 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-31 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-31 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-31 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-31 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-31 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-31 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-31 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-31 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-31 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-31 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-31 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-31 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-31 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-31 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-31 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-31 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-31 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-31 .warn-box {
  background: #fff1f2;
      border-left: 3px solid #f43f5e;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #9f1239;
}
.ch-31 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 .code-box-error {
  border: 1px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.4);
      border-left: 3px solid #ef4444;
}
.ch-31 .code-box-correct {
  border: 1px solid rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.4);
      border-left: 3px solid #22c55e;
}
.ch-31 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-31 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-31 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-31 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-31 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-31 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-31 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-31 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-31 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-31 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-31 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-31 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-31 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-31 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-31 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-31 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-31 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-31 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-31 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-31 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-31 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-31 #sec-31-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-31 .study-card,
.ch-31 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-31 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 .code-box,
.ch-31 pre,
.ch-31 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-31 .table-container,
.ch-31 .def-box,
.ch-31 .output-box,
.ch-31 .warn-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-31 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 32 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 32)
   ========================================== */
.ch-32 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-32, .ch-32 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-32 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-32 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-32 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-32 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-32 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-32 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-32 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-32 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-32 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-32 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-32 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-32 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-32 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-32 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-32 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-32 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-32 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-32 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-32 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-32 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-32 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-32 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-32 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-32 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-32 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-32 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-32 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-32 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-32 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-32 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-32 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-32 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-32 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-32 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-32 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-32 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-32 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-32 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-32 .practice-item {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 6px 9px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-32 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-32 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-32 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-32 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-32 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-32 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-32 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-32 #sec-32-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-32 .study-card,
.ch-32 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-32 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 .code-box,
.ch-32 pre,
.ch-32 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-32 .table-container,
.ch-32 .def-box,
.ch-32 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-32 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 33 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 33)
   ========================================== */
.ch-33 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-33, .ch-33 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-33 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-33 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-33 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-33 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-33 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-33 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-33 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-33 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-33 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-33 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-33 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-33 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-33 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-33 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-33 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-33 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-33 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-33 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-33 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-33 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-33 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-33 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-33 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-33 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-33 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-33 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-33 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-33 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-33 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-33 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-33 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-33 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-33 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-33 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-33 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-33 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-33 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-33 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-33 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-33 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-33 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-33 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-33 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-33 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-33 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-33 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-33 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-33 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-33 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-33 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-33 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-33 #sec-33-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-33 .study-card,
.ch-33 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-33 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-33 .code-box,
.ch-33 pre,
.ch-33 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-33 .table-container,
.ch-33 .def-box,
.ch-33 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-33 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 34 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 34)
   ========================================== */
.ch-34 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-34, .ch-34 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-34 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-34 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-34 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-34 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-34 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-34 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-34 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-34 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-34 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-34 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-34 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-34 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-34 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-34 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-34 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-34 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-34 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-34 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-34 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-34 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-34 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-34 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-34 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-34 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-34 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-34 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-34 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-34 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-34 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-34 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-34 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-34 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-34 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-34 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-34 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-34 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-34 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-34 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-34 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-34 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-34 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-34 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-34 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-34 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-34 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-34 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-34 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-34 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-34 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-34 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-34 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-34 #sec-34-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-34 .study-card,
.ch-34 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-34 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-34 .code-box,
.ch-34 pre,
.ch-34 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-34 .table-container,
.ch-34 .def-box,
.ch-34 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-34 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 35 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 35)
   ========================================== */
.ch-35 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-35, .ch-35 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-35 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-35 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-35 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-35 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-35 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-35 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-35 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-35 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-35 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-35 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-35 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-35 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-35 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-35 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-35 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-35 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-35 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-35 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-35 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-35 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-35 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-35 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-35 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-35 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-35 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-35 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-35 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-35 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-35 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-35 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-35 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-35 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-35 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-35 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-35 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-35 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-35 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-35 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-35 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-35 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-35 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-35 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-35 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-35 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-35 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-35 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-35 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-35 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-35 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-35 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-35 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-35 #sec-35-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-35 .study-card,
.ch-35 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-35 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-35 .code-box,
.ch-35 pre,
.ch-35 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-35 .table-container,
.ch-35 .def-box,
.ch-35 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-35 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 36 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 36)
   ========================================== */
.ch-36 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-bengali: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}
.ch-36, .ch-36 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
}
.ch-36 {
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
      color: var(--text-main);
      font-family: var(--font-bengali);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
.ch-36 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 8px 24px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-36 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-36 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.ch-36 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-36 .doc-page {
  max-width: 860px;
      margin: 14px auto;
      background: white;
      padding: 20px 26px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      border-radius: 8px;
}
.ch-36 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-36 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-36 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-36 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-36 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-36 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-36 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-36 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-36 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-36 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-36 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-36 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-36 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-36 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-36 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-36 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-36 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      margin-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.ch-36 .badge-num {
  background: var(--blue-accent);
      color: white;
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
}
.ch-36 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.45;
}
.ch-36 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-light);
      margin-top: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 3px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
}
.ch-36 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #64748b;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      margin: 4px 0;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-36 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 4px 0 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-36 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-36 .code-box pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-36 .code-box code {
  font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #f1f5f9;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
}
.ch-36 .syn-kw {
  color: #f472b6; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-36 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-36 .syn-str {
  color: #4ade80;
}
.ch-36 .syn-num {
  color: #fb923c;
}
.ch-36 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-36 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-36 .output-box {
  background: #182234;
      border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}
.ch-36 .out-label {
  color: #34d399;
      font-weight: 700;
}
.ch-36 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-36 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-36 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-36 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-36 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-36 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-36 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-36 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-36 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-36 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-36 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-36 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-36 #sec-36-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-36 .study-card,
.ch-36 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-36 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-36 .code-box,
.ch-36 pre,
.ch-36 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-36 .table-container,
.ch-36 .def-box,
.ch-36 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-36 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 37 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 37)
   ========================================== */
.ch-37 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-37, .ch-37 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact !important;
      print-color-adjust: exact !important;
}
.ch-37 {
  background-color: #cbd5e1;
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      color: var(--text-main);
}
.ch-37 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-37 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-37 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 11px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s;
}
.ch-37 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-37 .doc-page {
  max-width: 210mm;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--bg-page);
      padding: 12mm 14mm;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-37 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-37 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-37 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-37 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-37 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-37 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-37 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-37 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-37 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-37 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-37 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-37 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-37 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-37 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-37 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-37 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-37 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-37 .badge-num {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
}
.ch-37 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
}
.ch-37 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
      text-align: justify;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-37 .text-p strong {
  color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-37 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding: 5px 9px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e293b;
}
.ch-37 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-37 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-37 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.4 !important;
      color: #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-37 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-37 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-37 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-37 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-37 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-37 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-37 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-37 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-37 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-37 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-37 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-37 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-37 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-37 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-37 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-37 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-37 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-37 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-37 #sec-37-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-37 .study-card,
.ch-37 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-37 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-37 .code-box,
.ch-37 pre,
.ch-37 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-37 .table-container,
.ch-37 .def-box,
.ch-37 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-37 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 38 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 38)
   ========================================== */
.ch-38 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-38, .ch-38 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact !important;
      print-color-adjust: exact !important;
}
.ch-38 {
  background-color: #cbd5e1;
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      color: var(--text-main);
}
.ch-38 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-38 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-38 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 11px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s;
}
.ch-38 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-38 .doc-page {
  max-width: 210mm;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--bg-page);
      padding: 12mm 14mm;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-38 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-38 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-38 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-38 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-38 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-38 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-38 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-38 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-38 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-38 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-38 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-38 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-38 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-38 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-38 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-38 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-38 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-38 .badge-num {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
}
.ch-38 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
}
.ch-38 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
      text-align: justify;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-38 .text-p strong {
  color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-38 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding: 5px 9px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e293b;
}
.ch-38 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-38 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-38 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.4 !important;
      color: #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-38 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-38 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-38 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-38 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-38 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-38 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-38 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-38 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-38 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-38 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-38 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-38 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-38 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-38 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-38 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-38 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-38 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-38 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-38 #sec-38-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-38 .study-card,
.ch-38 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-38 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-38 .code-box,
.ch-38 pre,
.ch-38 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-38 .table-container,
.ch-38 .def-box,
.ch-38 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-38 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 39 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 39)
   ========================================== */
.ch-39 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-39, .ch-39 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact !important;
      print-color-adjust: exact !important;
}
.ch-39 {
  background-color: #cbd5e1;
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      color: var(--text-main);
}
.ch-39 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-39 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-39 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 11px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s;
}
.ch-39 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-39 .doc-page {
  max-width: 210mm;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--bg-page);
      padding: 12mm 14mm;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-39 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-39 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-39 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-39 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-39 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-39 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-39 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-39 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-39 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-39 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-39 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-39 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-39 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-39 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-39 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-39 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-39 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-39 .badge-num {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
}
.ch-39 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
}
.ch-39 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
      text-align: justify;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-39 .text-p strong {
  color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-39 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding: 5px 9px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e293b;
}
.ch-39 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-39 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-39 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.4 !important;
      color: #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-39 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-39 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-39 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-39 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-39 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-39 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-39 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-39 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-39 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-39 .practice-item {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-39 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-39 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-39 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-39 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-39 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-39 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-39 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-39 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-39 #sec-39-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-39 .study-card,
.ch-39 .practice-item {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-39 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-39 .code-box,
.ch-39 pre,
.ch-39 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-39 .table-container,
.ch-39 .def-box,
.ch-39 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-39 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================
   CHAPTER 40 SCOPED STYLES (Chapter 40)
   ========================================== */
.ch-40 {
  --navy-deep: #0f172a;
      --navy-mid: #1e293b;
      --navy-light: #334155;
      --blue-accent: #0284c7;
      --blue-light: #e0f2fe;
      --blue-dark: #0369a1;
      --emerald: #059669;
      --amber: #d97706;
      --rose: #e11d48;
      --bg-page: #f8fafc;
      --bg-card: #ffffff;
      --border-card: #e2e8f0;
      --text-main: #0f172a;
      --text-muted: #64748b;
      --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      --font-body: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
      --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}
.ch-40, .ch-40 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact !important;
      print-color-adjust: exact !important;
}
.ch-40 {
  background-color: #cbd5e1;
      font-family: var(--font-body);
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.55;
      color: var(--text-main);
}
.ch-40 .action-bar {
  position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      background: #0f172a;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.ch-40 .brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
}
.ch-40 .print-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: white;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 11px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s;
}
.ch-40 .print-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ch-40 .doc-page {
  max-width: 210mm;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: var(--bg-page);
      padding: 12mm 14mm;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
      border-radius: 4px;
}
.ch-40 .master-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #075985 0%, #0369a1 50%, #0284c7 100%);
      color: white;
      padding: 12px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.2);
}
.ch-40 .banner-top {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.ch-40 .banner-left {
  display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
}
.ch-40 .banner-icon {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
}
.ch-40 .banner-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      text-transform: uppercase;
}
.ch-40 .chapter-badge {
  background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      white-space: nowrap;
}
.ch-40 .meta-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ch-40 .meta-item {
  font-size: 8.5px;
}
.ch-40 .meta-label {
  color: #93c5fd;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 7.5px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.ch-40 .meta-val {
  font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
}
.ch-40 .opening-card {
  background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.ch-40 .opening-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-40 .roadmap-grid {
  display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 4px;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 5px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #bae6fd;
}
.ch-40 .roadmap-item {
  background: white;
      border: 1px solid #e0f2fe;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 3px 5px;
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 3px;
}
.ch-40 .part-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%);
      color: #ffffff;
      font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      margin: 8px 0 6px 0;
      border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
      page-break-after: avoid !important;
      break-after: avoid !important;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-40 .study-card {
  background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 11px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-40 .card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--navy-deep);
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 4px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
}
.ch-40 .badge-num {
  background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 9px;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
}
.ch-40 .section-subhead {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--blue-dark);
      margin: 6px 0 3px 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
}
.ch-40 .text-p {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
      text-align: justify;
      color: #334155;
      font-size: 10.5px;
      line-height: 1.5;
}
.ch-40 .text-p strong {
  color: #0f172a;
      font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-40 .def-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--blue-accent);
      padding: 5px 9px;
      border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
      margin: 4px 0 6px 0;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #1e293b;
}
.ch-40 .code-box {
  background: #0f172a;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-40 .code-top {
  background: #1e293b;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 8.5px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-40 pre {
  margin: 0;
      padding: 7px 10px;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      white-space: pre-wrap !important;
      word-break: break-word !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.4 !important;
      color: #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-40 .syn-kw {
  color: #f43f5e; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-40 .syn-fn {
  color: #38bdf8; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-40 .syn-str {
  color: #34d399;
}
.ch-40 .syn-num {
  color: #fbbf24;
}
.ch-40 .syn-com {
  color: #64748b; font-style: italic;
}
.ch-40 .syn-bool {
  color: #c084fc; font-weight: 600;
}
.ch-40 .ascii-tree-container {
  background: #090d16;
      border: 1px solid #1e293b;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin: 5px 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
      page-break-inside: avoid !important;
      break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-40 .ascii-tree-header {
  background: #111c2e;
      color: #38bdf8;
      font-family: var(--font-code);
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
}
.ch-40 .ascii-tree-content {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
      font-family: var(--font-code) !important;
      font-size: 9.5px !important;
      line-height: 1.35 !important;
      padding: 8px 12px !important;
      background: transparent !important;
      border: none !important;
      white-space: pre !important;
      overflow-x: hidden !important;
      word-break: normal !important;
      margin: 0 !important;
}
.ch-40 .table-container {
  margin: 6px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.ch-40 .master-table {
  width: 100%;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      font-size: 9.5px;
}
.ch-40 .master-table th {
  background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      text-align: left;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
}
.ch-40 .master-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
}
.ch-40 .master-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

@media print {
.ch-40 {
  background: white !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
}
.ch-40 .action-bar {
  display: none !important;
}
.ch-40 .doc-page {
  max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
}
.ch-40 #sec-40-1 {
  page-break-after: always !important;
        break-after: page !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ch-40 .study-card {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}
.ch-40 .part-banner {
  page-break-after: avoid !important;
        break-after: avoid !important;
}
.ch-40 .code-box,
.ch-40 pre,
.ch-40 .ascii-tree-container,
.ch-40 .table-container,
.ch-40 .def-box,
.ch-40 .output-box {
  page-break-inside: avoid !important;
        break-inside: avoid !important;
}
.ch-40 pre {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
}
}

/* ==========================================================================
   OMNIBUS SHELL & RESPONSIVE DESIGN SYSTEM
   ========================================================================== */

    /* =======================================================
       MASTER OMNIBUS NAVIGATION & FULL-BOOK WRAPPER STYLES
       ======================================================= */
    @page {
      size: A4;
      margin: 8mm 10mm;
    }

    *, *::before, *::after {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact !important;
      print-color-adjust: exact !important;
    }

    html {
      scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }

    body {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      background-color: #0b0f19;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    }

    /* Top Sticky Navigation Bar */
    .omnibus-navbar {
      position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      z-index: 999999;
      background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.96);
      backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
      padding: 8px 20px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 15px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #334155;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    }

    .omnibus-brand {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-decoration: none;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .omnibus-brand .logo {
      background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }

    .omnibus-controls {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    /* Omnibus Chapter Dropdown Menu */
    .omnibus-dropdown-container {
      position: relative;
      display: inline-block;
    }

    .chapter-dropdown-trigger {
      background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #475569;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      cursor: pointer;
      outline: none;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      white-space: nowrap;
      min-width: 220px;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .chapter-dropdown-trigger:hover, .chapter-dropdown-trigger:focus {
      border-color: #38bdf8;
      background: #243248;
    }

    .chapter-dropdown-trigger .btn-left {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .chapter-dropdown-trigger .btn-arrow {
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      transition: transform 0.2s ease;
    }

    .chapter-dropdown-trigger[aria-expanded="true"] .btn-arrow {
      transform: rotate(180deg);
      color: #38bdf8;
    }

    /* Backdrop for clicking outside */
    .chapter-menu-backdrop {
      display: none;
      position: fixed;
      top: 0;
      left: 0;
      width: 100vw;
      height: 100vh;
      background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
      backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
      z-index: 999998;
    }

    .chapter-menu-backdrop.active {
      display: block;
    }

    /* Floating Dropdown Card */
    .chapter-dropdown-menu {
      display: none;
      position: absolute;
      top: calc(100% + 8px);
      left: 0;
      width: 380px;
      max-width: 92vw;
      max-height: 480px;
      background: #111827;
      border: 1px solid #374151;
      border-radius: 10px;
      box-shadow: 0 10px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6), 0 0 16px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.15);
      z-index: 999999;
      flex-direction: column;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-sizing: border-box;
      animation: dropdown-fade-in 0.2s ease-out;
    }

    @keyframes dropdown-fade-in {
      from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-6px); }
      to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
    }

    .chapter-dropdown-menu.active {
      display: flex;
    }

    .chapter-menu-header {
      padding: 12px 14px 10px 14px;
      background: #0f172a;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1f2937;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .chapter-menu-title-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .chapter-menu-close {
      background: #1e293b;
      border: 1px solid #334155;
      color: #94a3b8;
      border-radius: 4px;
      width: 24px;
      height: 24px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      font-size: 12px;
      transition: all 0.15s ease;
    }

    .chapter-menu-close:hover {
      color: #ffffff;
      background: #ef4444;
      border-color: #ef4444;
    }

    .chapter-search-input {
      width: 100%;
      background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #334155;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      outline: none;
      box-sizing: border-box;
      transition: border-color 0.2s ease;
    }

    .chapter-search-input:focus {
      border-color: #38bdf8;
    }

    .chapter-menu-list {
      overflow-y: auto;
      max-height: 380px;
      padding: 6px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 4px;
      scrollbar-width: thin;
      scrollbar-color: #475569 transparent;
    }

    .chapter-menu-list::-webkit-scrollbar {
      width: 6px;
    }

    .chapter-menu-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
      background: #475569;
      border-radius: 3px;
    }

    .chapter-menu-item {
      display: flex;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 10px;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      text-decoration: none;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      background: #1f2937;
      border: 1px solid transparent;
      transition: all 0.15s ease;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    .chapter-menu-item:hover, .chapter-menu-item.highlighted {
      background: #374151;
      border-color: #38bdf8;
      color: #ffffff;
      transform: translateX(2px);
    }

    .chapter-menu-item .menu-num {
      background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 9.5px;
      padding: 2px 5px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }

    .chapter-menu-item .menu-text-wrap {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 2px;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 0;
    }

    .chapter-menu-item .menu-eng-title {
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: 1.35;
      white-space: normal;
      word-break: break-word;
    }

    .chapter-menu-item .menu-bn-title {
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      line-height: 1.4;
      white-space: normal;
      word-break: break-word;
      font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', sans-serif;
    }

    .chapter-menu-no-results {
      padding: 16px;
      text-align: center;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 11.5px;
    }

    .omnibus-btn {
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      text-decoration: none;
    }

    .omnibus-btn:hover {
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    /* Master Cover & Table of Contents (Exact Dark Aesthetic from Screenshot) */
    .master-toc-section {
      width: 95%;
      max-width: 1160px;
      margin: 24px auto;
      background: #111827;
      border: 1px solid #1f2937;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
      color: #f8fafc;
    }

    .master-toc-header {
      text-align: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #1f2937;
      padding-bottom: 16px;
      margin-bottom: 20px;
    }

    .master-toc-title {
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-size: 20px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #f7df1e;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }

    .master-toc-subtitle {
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #94a3b8;
    }

    .master-toc-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      gap: 10px;
    }

    @media (max-width: 860px) {
      .master-toc-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }
    }

    .toc-item {
      display: flex;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 12px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      background: #1f2937;
      border: 1px solid #374151;
      border-radius: 6px;
      color: #e2e8f0;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 500;
      transition: all 0.15s ease;
      min-height: auto;
      height: auto;
      overflow: visible;
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .toc-item:hover {
      background: #374151;
      border-color: #38bdf8;
      color: #ffffff;
      transform: translateX(2px);
    }

    .toc-num {
      background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 10px;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      margin-top: 1px;
    }

    .toc-name {
      white-space: normal;
      word-break: break-word;
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
      line-height: 1.5;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 0;
      padding-bottom: 2px;
    }

    /* Chapter Section Separation & Dark Background Integrity */
    .chapter-section {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      background: transparent !important;
    }

    .chapter-section .doc-page {
      width: 95%;
      max-width: 860px;
      margin: 20px auto;
      background: #ffffff !important;
      padding: 24px 28px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
      border-radius: 8px;
    }

    /* =======================================================
       CHAPTER SEPARATOR & TRANSITION STYLES
       ======================================================= */
    .chapter-separator {
      width: 95%;
      max-width: 860px;
      margin: 54px auto 28px auto;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 16px;
      position: relative;
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .separator-line {
      flex: 1;
      height: 1px;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4), rgba(247, 223, 30, 0.5), transparent);
    }

    .separator-pill {
      background: rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.95);
      border: 1px solid rgba(247, 223, 30, 0.35);
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: stretch;
      gap: 6px;
      min-width: 280px;
      max-width: 620px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 0 14px rgba(247, 223, 30, 0.12);
      color: #f8fafc;
      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .separator-pill:hover {
      border-color: #f7df1e;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(247, 223, 30, 0.25);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    .sep-top-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      width: 100%;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    .sep-badge-wrap {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .sep-dot {
      width: 8px;
      height: 8px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #f7df1e;
      box-shadow: 0 0 8px #f7df1e;
      display: inline-block;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      animation: pulse-dot 2s infinite ease-in-out;
    }

    @keyframes pulse-dot {
      0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
      50% { opacity: 0.5; transform: scale(0.85); }
    }

    .sep-badge {
      background: #f7df1e;
      color: #000000;
      font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 10px;
      padding: 2.5px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .sep-title {
      color: #f1f5f9;
      font-family: 'Hind Siliguri', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      white-space: normal;
      word-break: break-word;
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
      text-align: left;
    }

    .sep-top-btn {
      color: #94a3b8;
      background: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.85);
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 2.5px 9px;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-decoration: none;
      transition: all 0.15s ease;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      white-space: nowrap;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .sep-top-btn:hover {
      color: #38bdf8;
      border-color: #38bdf8;
      background: #1e293b;
    }

    /* Floating Back to Top Button */
    .floating-back-top {
      position: fixed;
      bottom: 24px;
      right: 24px;
      z-index: 99999;
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
      color: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
      width: 42px;
      height: 42px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: 18px;
      font-weight: 800;
      cursor: pointer;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
      text-decoration: none;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .floating-back-top:hover {
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0369a1, #075985);
      transform: translateY(-2px);
      box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
    }

    /* =======================================================
       RESPONSIVE DESIGN FOR TAB (TABLET) DEVICES (<= 1024px)
       ======================================================= */
    @media (max-width: 1024px) {
      .master-toc-section {
        width: 96%;
        padding: 20px 22px;
      }
      .chapter-section .doc-page {
        width: 96%;
        max-width: 820px;
        padding: 20px 22px;
      }
      .chapter-select {
        max-width: 280px;
      }
      .meta-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
        gap: 6px !important;
      }
    }

    @media (max-width: 860px) {
      .master-toc-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
      }
      .chapter-separator {
        width: calc(100% - 16px) !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 32px auto 16px auto !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        gap: 0 !important;
      }
      .separator-line {
        display: none !important;
      }
      .separator-pill {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        border-radius: 8px !important;
        padding: 10px 14px !important;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) !important;
      }
      .sep-title {
        font-size: 11.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.5 !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
        overflow-wrap: anywhere !important;
      }
    }

    /* =======================================================
       RESPONSIVE DESIGN FOR MOBILE PHONE DEVICES (<= 768px)
       ======================================================= */
    @media (max-width: 768px) {
      html, body {
        overflow-x: clip !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100vw !important;
      }

      /* Top Navbar - Always Sticky on Mobile */
      .omnibus-navbar {
        position: -webkit-sticky !important;
        position: sticky !important;
        top: 0 !important;
        z-index: 999999 !important;
        padding: 8px 10px;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
        gap: 8px;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }
      .omnibus-brand {
        font-size: 11px !important;
        justify-content: center;
        white-space: normal !important;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 1.35;
        word-break: break-word !important;
      }
      .omnibus-brand .logo {
        font-size: 10px !important;
        padding: 1px 5px !important;
      }
      .omnibus-controls {
        width: 100%;
        display: flex;
        gap: 6px;
      }
      .omnibus-dropdown-container {
        flex: 1;
        min-width: 0;
      }
      .chapter-dropdown-trigger {
        width: 100% !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        font-size: 10.5px !important;
        padding: 5px 8px !important;
      }
      .chapter-dropdown-menu {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: 60px !important;
        left: 10px !important;
        right: 10px !important;
        width: calc(100% - 20px) !important;
        max-width: calc(100% - 20px) !important;
        max-height: 75vh !important;
        border-radius: 10px !important;
        margin: 0 auto !important;
      }
      .chapter-menu-list {
        max-height: calc(75vh - 95px) !important;
      }
      .omnibus-btn {
        padding: 5px 9px;
        font-size: 10px;
        white-space: nowrap;
      }

      /* Table of Contents */
      .master-toc-section {
        width: calc(100% - 14px) !important;
        margin: 12px auto !important;
        padding: 14px 10px !important;
        border-radius: 8px !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }
      .master-toc-header {
        padding-bottom: 10px !important;
        margin-bottom: 12px !important;
      }
      .master-toc-title {
        font-size: 14.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.35 !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
      }
      .master-toc-subtitle {
        font-size: 10px !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
      }
      .master-toc-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }
      .toc-item {
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        padding: 10px 12px !important;
        font-size: 11.5px !important;
        min-height: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        gap: 10px !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
      }
      .toc-num {
        font-size: 9.5px !important;
        padding: 2.5px 6px !important;
        margin-top: 1px !important;
        flex-shrink: 0 !important;
      }
      .toc-name {
        font-size: 11.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.55 !important;
        white-space: normal !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
        overflow-wrap: anywhere !important;
        flex: 1 !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        padding-bottom: 2px !important;
      }

      /* Chapter Transition Separators on Mobile */
      .chapter-separator {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        padding: 0 8px !important;
        margin: 28px auto 14px auto !important;
        gap: 0 !important;
      }
      .separator-line {
        display: none !important;
      }
      .separator-pill {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        border-radius: 8px !important;
        padding: 10px 12px !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: stretch !important;
        gap: 6px !important;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) !important;
        white-space: normal !important;
      }
      .sep-top-row {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
      }
      .sep-badge-wrap {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        gap: 6px !important;
      }
      .sep-badge {
        font-size: 9.5px !important;
        padding: 2.5px 7px !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
      }
      .sep-title {
        font-size: 11.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.5 !important;
        text-align: left !important;
        white-space: normal !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
        overflow-wrap: anywhere !important;
        color: #f1f5f9 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        padding-top: 2px !important;
      }
      .sep-top-btn {
        font-size: 9.5px !important;
        padding: 2.5px 8px !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
      }

      /* Chapter Documents on Mobile */
      .chapter-section {
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        overflow-x: clip !important;
      }
      .chapter-section .doc-page, [class*="ch-"] .doc-page {
        width: calc(100% - 14px) !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 12px auto !important;
        padding: 12px 10px !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }

      /* Chapter Header Master Banner */
      [class*="ch-"] .master-banner, .master-banner {
        padding: 12px 12px !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .banner-top, .banner-top {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .banner-left, .banner-left {
        gap: 8px !important;
        flex-wrap: wrap !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .banner-icon, .banner-icon {
        font-size: 10.5px !important;
        padding: 2px 6px !important;
        flex-shrink: 0 !important;
        margin-top: 2px !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .banner-title, .banner-title {
        font-size: 12px !important;
        line-height: 1.45 !important;
        white-space: normal !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
        overflow-wrap: anywhere !important;
        flex: 1 !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .chapter-badge, .chapter-badge {
        align-self: flex-start !important;
        font-size: 10px !important;
        padding: 2px 7px !important;
        margin-top: 2px !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .meta-grid, .meta-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
        gap: 4px !important;
        padding: 6px 6px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .meta-label, .meta-label {
        font-size: 7.5px !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .meta-val, .meta-val {
        font-size: 8px !important;
      }

      /* Study Cards & Headers */
      [class*="ch-"] .study-card, .study-card {
        padding: 8px 8px !important;
        margin-bottom: 6px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .card-title, .card-title {
        font-size: 10.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.35 !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .badge-num, .badge-num {
        font-size: 9px !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .text-p, .text-p {
        font-size: 9.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.45 !important;
      }

      /* Code boxes, ASCII trees & Diagrams horizontal touch-scroll */
      [class*="ch-"] .code-box, .code-box,
      [class*="ch-"] pre, pre,
      [class*="ch-"] .ascii-tree-container, .ascii-tree-container,
      [class*="ch-"] .table-wrap, .table-wrap {
        overflow-x: auto !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
      }
      pre {
        font-size: 8.5px !important;
        line-height: 1.35 !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .ascii-tree-container, .ascii-tree-container {
        font-size: 8px !important;
        padding: 4px 6px !important;
      }
      [class*="ch-"] .ascii-tree-content, .ascii-tree-content {
        font-size: 8px !important;
        padding: 4px 6px !important;
      }

      /* Tables auto-scroll */
      [class*="ch-"] table, table {
        display: block !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        overflow-x: auto !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
      }
      table th, table td {
        padding: 4px 5px !important;
        font-size: 8px !important;
        white-space: normal !important;
      }

      /* Definitions & memory boxes */
      [class*="ch-"] .def-box, .def-box,
      [class*="ch-"] .memory-box, .memory-box,
      [class*="ch-"] .warn-box, .warn-box,
      [class*="ch-"] .practice-item, .practice-item {
        padding: 5px 6px !important;
        font-size: 9px !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
      }

      .floating-back-top {
        bottom: 14px;
        right: 14px;
        width: 36px;
        height: 36px;
        font-size: 15px;
      }
    }

    /* Smallest Mobile Devices (<= 480px) */
    @media (max-width: 480px) {
      [class*="ch-"] .meta-grid, .meta-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
      }
      .chapter-section .doc-page, [class*="ch-"] .doc-page {
        width: 100% !important;
        margin: 6px auto !important;
        padding: 10px 8px !important;
        border-radius: 4px !important;
      }
    }

    @media print {
      body {
        background: #ffffff !important;
      }
      .omnibus-navbar,
      .master-toc-section,
      .action-bar,
      .floating-back-top,
      .chapter-separator {
        display: none !important;
      }
      .chapter-section {
        page-break-before: always !important;
        break-before: page !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        background: #ffffff !important;
      }
      .chapter-section:first-of-type {
        page-break-before: avoid !important;
        break-before: avoid !important;
      }
      .chapter-section .doc-page {
        max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
      }
    }